Syndicat Professionnel des Homéopathes du
Québec
The SPHQ or Syndicat Professionnel des Homéopathes du Québec,
since its beginnings, has been a particular and unique organization,
in the small, but international world of homeopathy. It started
out in November 1989 as a professionnal union of homeopaths, affiliated
to the Federation of Professionals (FP) which is part of the Confédération
des Syndicats Nationaux (CSN), which represents more than three
hundred thousand unionized workers in the province of Quebec, Canada.
The primary spirit of linking the needs to organize, socialize and
professionalize homeopaths dispersed and isolated in a huge territory
with the growing needs of the population of Quebec (the same as
Canada’s) for complementary and alternative care, has always
guided the course of social, political and legal actions taken by
the SPHQ.
The SPHQ has grown, self-regulated and integrated larger circles
of homeopaths, like the former ICCH (International Council for Classical
Homeopathy) and actual ICH (International Council for Homeopathy),
where it has for a long while represented Canada, being the oldest
and largest organized body of professional homeopaths in Canada
since the end of the eighty’s.
Like other national homeopathic organizations, we have felt the
wave of the denigration of homeopathy after ‘The Lancet affair’
and have not fallen. On the contrary, we have acknowledged the weaknesses
and have taken up the challenge to and heighten academic and professional
training. Through our means (i.e.. professionalization of homeopaths
and integrated health approach and projects in Quebec, Canada and
elsewhere) we seek social, political and institutional recognition
and try to create opportunities for more formal legalization.
We share below our knowledge and understanding of the historical
presence and comparative development of professional homeopathy
in Canada and Quebec.
HOMEOPATHS IN CANADA AND IN QUEBEC
The Canadian provinces1 where homeopathic practice seems
to be presently more concentrated are (no order intented) British-Columbia,
Ontario and Quebec.
We do not have any recent data on the number of homeopaths in the
country. Nevertheless, a survey done in 2001 assesses at 1200 the
number of homeopaths members of professional associations, and about
500 students.2
1 The country is formed of 10 provinces and 3 territories, with
2 official languages, English and French, the later mostly concentrated
in Quebec.
Provinces: British-Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec, New-Brunswick, Nova-Scotia, Prince-Edward-Island,
Newfoudland
Territories : Nunavut, Yukon, Northwest Territories
2 Fournier, Denis et A. Taillefer, Enquête sur l’homéopathie
et les homéopathes chez les organisations membres de la
Coalition canadienne de médecine homéopathique
(CCMH), mai 2002.
Note : the CCMH doesn’t exist anymore.
HISTORY
Although two historical periods are considered in this document,
we do emphasize the efforts taken in Quebec by the Syndicat professionnel
des homéopathes du Québec (SPHQ) to provide a space
for professional homeopaths in Quebec’s society.
Homeopathy arrived in Canada in the province of Ontario around
the year 1840, and 2 years later in Quebec. We can definitely distinguish
two historical periods for homeopathy in Canada.
THE FIRST PERIOD witnessed the establishment of homeopathy
in Canada, its recognition, its practice within hospitals, its decline
between the two great wars and its total absence from society. Both
in Quebec and Ontario, this evolution and decline took a parallel
path during this period.
How it took place in Quebec:
It is only in 1863 that homeopathy truly starts to structure itself
in Quebec with the foundation of the MHA (The Montreal Homoeopathic
Association) following a project of a community clinic for the poor
of Montreal. The MHA will count on only 81 members in Quebec. In
1865, a law will recognize the homeopathic practice for the members
of the MHA. In 1894, the «Montreal Homeopathic Hospital »
is founded. It will be active until its vocation change in 1952,
confirmed by its new designation. Thereafter, it was known as the
«Queen Elizabeth Hospital», exclusively medical therefore.
By the end of the 1960s, the creation of the Quebec Health Care
regime and the creation of the «Office des Professions du
Québec» (Professions office) marks the end of homeopathy
in Quebec, at least for this first period.
Homeopathy during this period was mainly practiced by English-speaking
homeopathic doctors even in Quebec, even if the population was French-speaking
in a large majority. There will be during this period only a few
French-speaking homeopaths. The greater number of homeopaths had
an American training.
THE SECOND PERIOD is the rebirth of homeopathy in Canada,
of the creation of professional associations and the beginning of
efforts to obtain legal recognition.
The situation in Quebec
Thanks to the support of French European homeopaths and laboratories,
homeopathy makes a come back in Quebec in the late 1970s, early
1980s. Non-doctors homeopaths will mostly be trained and many different
schools of thought will be found (complexist, pluralist, unicist).
1989 is the year where the Syndicat professionnel des homéopathes
du Québec (SPHQ) will be created, bringing together
the vast majority of homeopaths in Quebec. Its objectives are to
improve the structure of homeopathic practice in the province, on
an academic and a professional level, aim for legal recognition
and establish a means to protect the public. To reach these objectives,
the SPHQ endows itself with a Charter of rules (Statuts et Règlements),
a deontological code (Code de déontologie), training
standards, a disciplinary committee, training and admission boards
as well as a scientific board, which aims to promote homeopathic
research and development.
DIFFERENT LEGAL SITUATIONS IN QUEBEC AND CANADA
In Canada
Apart from Ontario, no legal recognition exists for homeopaths
in Canada. In the majority of the Canadian provinces, there is no
law concerning homeopathy, except in Manitoba, where medical law
recognizes its exercise by conventional doctors.
The federal government establishes law on health issues for the
whole population and the provincial and territorial government act
locally for their own population. Thus the federal level deals with
regulation concerning food and drugs, dangerous products, inspection
etc. The provincial and territorial levels of government have the
responsibility to safeguard health locally: hospitals, healthcare
supervision, healthcare programs, professional regulations and control,
as well as public healthcare matters.
Hence, it is not possible to draw a uniform picture of the legal
situation of homeopathy in Canada, since each province has jurisdiction
on professional practice and power to create (or not) a profession.
To this situation can be added the prohibition to practice homeopathy
in one province (Quebec), according to the ethical code of the provincial
medical profession.
In Ontario
Since June 2007, the Ontario province, recognizes homeopathy as
a profession under College of Homeopaths of Ontario and restricts
the title of homeopath to members of the College. The «Homeopathy
Act» does not however allow homeopaths to perform restricted
medical acts, which are the trademark of other health professionals
in Ontario, namely conventional doctors. A transitional board, soon
to be appointed, will see to the proper structuring of the homeopathic
profession in Ontario. For more information on the «Homeopathy
Act»:
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/tables/publicstatutesannotations/elaws_t_pu_st_an_t07h10.htm
and
http://stage.e-laws.gov.on.ca/Download?dID=305759
In Quebec
The medical law does not recognize the homeopathic profession.
In the 1990s, when the legal situation of homeopathy was imprecise,
a judicial confrontation took place on the matter in a model-case
opposing the SPHQ to the Medical College of Quebec (Collège
des médecins du Québec –CMQ). Although
the ruling does not question the competence of the homeopath concerned
by the model-case, the legal exercise of homeopathy was restricted
to the sole members of the CMQ. The reason put forward was that
homeopathic doctors are active in Quebec to offer their services
to the population. Yet, they are very few and the deontological
code of the CMQ prohibits the practice of homeopathy to its members.
The population’s needs for homeopathic care is then fulfilled
almost exclusively by non-doctor homeopaths in private practice,
most of them members of the SPHQ.
You will find in appendix 1 of this document a list of the
main actions carried out, up until this day, by the SPHQ to obtain
the recognition of the homeopathic profession in Quebec.
Presently in Quebec, a special governmental office, l’Office
des professions, regulates the creation of a new profession
only if its practice can cause serious and long term prejudice to
someone, has autonomy of field (rather than specific acts) and thus,
cannot be integrated into an existing professional practice. Homeopathic
practice, sharing the large field of health and disease, and unable
to prove serious health damage, has not been able, so far, to match
these legal demands.
PROSPECTIVES FOR CANADA AND QUEBEC
At the SPHQ, we have been questioned, perhaps even criticized,
about what seems to be a separate trail for the recognition of professional
homeopaths in Quebec, from elsewhere in Canada or North America.
To understand what is common and can be shared, but also what is
very specific and has to be respected in our different paths towards
the same goal – professional homeopathy throughout Canada
and Americas- we must look, not so much at the differences of language
and culture (French for Quebec, English for the rest of Canada),
but at the fundamental opposition between the conception and application
of two very different legal systems governing Quebec (the Napoleon
Code) and the rest of Canada (the Common Law). The reader must always
keep in mind that in Quebec:
The spirit of the Code Napoleon stipulates that ‘anything
not allowed expressively is forbidden’; Applied to the world
of health, the spirit of the Medical Law indicates that the entire
field of health and disease (rather than specific acts), all preventive,
curative, palliative care, is reserved to the professional MD’s
of Quebec, unless specified by law.
In all other provinces of Canada, the legal frame is at opposites,
specifying that:
a) Unless considered dangerous, or illegal specifically, freedom
of action is preserved
b) Applied to health acts, specific acts are regulated and reserved
for specific professionals; otherwise, tolerance founds the legal
attitude.
The evolution of the situation of homeopaths in Canada follows
different paths, and for the purpose of this document, we have circumscribed
those which we were able to best describe. Since the enforcement
of the new Canadian regulation on natural and health products on
January 1st 2004, including homeopathic remedies, the situation
of homeopathy in Canada evolves at a greater pace. In Ontario, a
first provincial legislation recognizes the homeopathic profession
in that province, by defining its acts and limits, according to
Common Law. We consider this could serve as an example for other
provinces in English-speaking Canada in near future, Quebec being
again an exception. Effectively, in Quebec, both the medical law
and the laws of the governmental Office des professions
would have to change, in order for the professional homeopaths of
the province to obtain a legal kind of College. On the other hand,
the SPHQ is working on legal advice to eventually go back to the
Supreme Court of Canada, to demand standardization of access to
professional but non medical practice of homeopathy for the population
of Quebec.
Finally, there will certainly be a very positive impact of this
Ontarian recognition on specific insurance refund for homeopathic
acts throughout Canada (so far limited to naturopathic prescriptions).
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
There is no university level program in homeopathy recognised in
Canada, nor any education program substantiated by the provinces.
All homeopathic trainings are presently offered by private colleges
and/or schools.
In Quebec
The learning program established by the SPHQ since 1992 is the
one the homeopathic schools are following in Quebec. It consists
of 1500 hours of class attendance, of which 1035 hours are devoted
specifically to homeopathy. The remaining hours are devoted to medical
study (anatomy, physiology, pathology) and complementary courses.
The SPHQ also offers an annual program of continuous training for
its members, also open to non-member homeopaths. These are courses
aimed for the graduate, the professional practitioners.
Since 2006, the SPHQ works alongside the Université
du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) on the establishment
of a university program in homeopathy, in the context of a new integrated
healthcare program. It would consist of a five year program, combining
a undergraduate program in integrated healthcare to a graduate program
in homeopathy, naturopathy or osteopathy, according to the chosen
discipline. The novelty of this program is the partnership between
the University and the private schools for the practical part of
the program, in each discipline. Collaborating in the elaboration
of this project alongside the SPHQ and UQAM are two other alternative
health associations, namely the Association des Naturopathes
Agréés du Québec (ANAQ) and the Registre
des Ostéopathes du Québec (ROQ) . This university
level program will be based upon the competence profile elaborated
by experts at the Université du Québec à
Trois-Rivières (UQTR), which will determine the dimensions
of homeopathic practice, its specific acts and required level of
proficiency. This university teaching profile could serve to establish
national standards of homeopathic practice recognized at a university
level, with all the peer recognition implied, as well as the access
to loans and scholarships, essential to recruit young students in
homeopathy.
PUBLICATIONS
Here is a list of the main documents produced for the SPHQ and
available at the administration office:
1. Aubry, C., Calvé C. et D. Fournier, Les homéopathes
déjà à l’œuvre dans la santé
publique québécoise, Mémoire présenté
dans le cadre des travaux de la Commission d’étude
sur les services de santé et les services sociaux, September
2000.
2. Fournier Denis, A. Taillefer et coll., Les homéopathes
du Québec. Sur la nécessité de leur
reconnaissance professionnelle, 2002.
3. Fournier Denis et A. Taillefer, Témoignages des homéopathes
et de leur clientèle sur une évaluation qualitative
du traitement médical officiel et homéopathique, 2003.
4. Taillefer, Anne et D. Fournier, Une politique d’éthique
sur la recherche en homéopathie. Oser penser autrement,
June 2004.
In collaboration with the SPHQ :
1. Cloutier, André et Gilles Dubois, Élaboration
d’un profil de compétences pour les Homéopathes
du Québec, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
(UQTR), May 2003
RESEARCH
IN CANADA :
Funds for homeopathic research in Canada
A meeting was organized in January 2005 by the Natural Health Products
Directorate (Direction des Produits de Santé Naturels)
of Health Canada, setting the priorities of research in homeopathy
in Canada, meeting which the SPHQ attended. Following up upon this
meeting, a research organism devoted to homeopathy has recently
been created in the region of Toronto (Ontario): Homeonet. The first
meeting of the advisory board of Homeonet in Toronto, where the
SPHQ was invited, took place on February 15th 2008. Its first objective
is to promote quality research in homeopathy in Canada. Homeonet
offers funds to homeopathic associations throughout Canada for research
projects in homeopathy.
The type of research favoured by Homeonet are the following
:
Research that shows therapeutic efficiency vs remedy efficiency
Comparative and qualitative research aimed at vulnerable populations
Research establishing an integrated approach to other forms of therapies
Research on priority illness affecting public health, showing not
only efficiency of homeopathy, but its relevance and economical
advantage.
For more information, please visit the website of Homeonet :
www.homeonetresearch.ca
IN QUÉBEC :
Through the creation of Homéopathes de Terre Sans Frontières
(HTSF), an organization of sustainable development in community-based
homeopathy, in partnership with Terre Sans Frontières (TSF),
a Canadian organization of international cooperation supported by
the Canadian International Development Agency, the SPHQ manages
the professional participation of homeopaths in missions, seed-projects
and research projects of the HTSF.
Hence, the SPHQ is engaged, through HTSF, in a research project:
action against the Chagas disease, a blood-parasite disease which
strikes Central and South America, yet slowly climbs up north (through
transplacental transmission). Among other things, two homeopathic
nosodes of the Trypanosoma Cruzi (one of them new), were created
in partnership with an expert parasitologist of McGill University
(Montreal). They served both for prophylactic and care in the region
of Chagas, Honduras. For more information:
www.homeopathesdeterresansfrontieres.ca
The SPHQ has also established agreement in clinical research with
public health authorities in Cuba. The SPHQ is part of the scientific
board of director for the next international symposium on homeopathic
nosodes, in December 2008, organized by the Finlay Institute, in
Cuba.
Finally, to our knowledge, the SPHQ is the first professional association
of homeopaths to have endowed itself with an «Ethics policy
on research in homeopathy» (Politique d’éthique
sur la recherche en homéopathie), with a scientific
board and a research ethic board.
ASSOCIATIONS
See appendix 2
CONCLUSION
In Canada, as in Quebec, the non-conventional medicines are growing
in importance. In Canada, in 1999, a study conducted by Ramsay et
al., estimated that 73% of Canadians are using these practices.
The same study revealed the following demands: an insatisfaction
towards non-integrated healthcare, the risks of conventional treatments,
research for more global care, more prevention, more focus on improvement
of the quality of life, mainly for the chronically ill, a willingness
to use all options available and to participate more in decision
concerning health issues. These were the requests of Canadians and
Quebecers alike. The demand is there and growing.
Meanwhile, the Canadian professional associations are getting better
organized. The legal recognition of the professional practice of
homeopathy in Ontario will most certainly have a speeding effect
on the same recognition throughout Canada, at least for the provinces
under the Common Law tradition.
In Quebec, the legal frame will be longer to obtain. The SPHQ may
attempt anew to get to the Supreme Court of Canada, to gain the
free access to professional homeopaths across Canada.
Through its roots of a workers-union organization, related to a
public social institution, the SPHQ has developed a strategy of
social and political recognition based upon the relevance of an
homeopathic practice conceived as a “professional service”
(rather than a trade), meeting the real needs of the population
in public health care and put forward in a perspective of integrated
health care for the ongoing development of the healthcare system
in Quebec and Canada. Initial university training, continuous clinical
training, development of reflexive practice and research competencies,
participation to clinical pilot-projects, publications, promotion
of inter-professional projects in an integrated healthcare perspective,
development of partnership and common goals (national standards,
national examination, insurance, research) with neighbor organizations,
whether provincial or national, whenever possible, international
networking: theses are the strategies for professional recognition
of homeopaths presently led by the SPHQ in Quebec.
References:
Fournier, Denis, Évolution historique de la pensée
homéopathique, 1992.
Fournier, Denis et A. Taillefer, Enquête sur l’homéopathie
et les homéopathes chez les organisations membres de la Coalition
canadienne de médecine homéopathique (CCMH),
mai 2002.
Website on the history of homeopathy:
http://www.wholehealthnow.com/homeopathy_pro/homeopathy_1825
_1849.html
Website of the Syndicat professionnel des homéopathes du
Québec (SPHQ) www.sphq.org
Website of the Ontario government for the 2007 bill on homeopathy
http://stage.e-laws.gov.on.ca/Download?dID=305759
Website of Health Canada (Santé Canada)
http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/pubs/cons-pub/shared-respon-parta
g-3_e.html
Website of Homéopathes de Terre sans frontières (HTSF)
http://www.homeopathesdeterresansfrontieres.ca/
Website of the research network HomeoNet
www.homeonetresearch.ca
APPENDIX 1
Main action of the SPHQ (FP-CSN) for the recognition of homeopathy
and the profession of homeopath in Quebec
Since 1990 : representation in front of the ministère
de la Santé et des Services sociaux (Healthcare department),
du Conseil des Études supérieures et de la Technologie
(council for higher studies and technology), de la Direction législative
de l'Assemblée nationale (the legislative board of the National
assembly), du Ministère de la Justice (Justice department),
de la Régie de la Santé et des Services sociaux régionaux
(regional office of healthcare and social services) , de la Corporation
professionnelle des médecins du Québec (the medical
board), de la Doyenne de l'UQTR (the UQTR dean) , etc.
The SPHQ was a member of the Bureau fédéral des médecines
alternatives (BFMA- federal office for alternative medicine) of
the CSN and so associated with osteopaths and naturopath in there
actions for legal recognition. It is also a member of the Regroupement
québécois d'action pour la santé des femmes
(Quebec’s action group for women health) as welle as of the
Conseil des approches alternatives et complémentaires en
santé (council for alternative and complementary approach
in healthcare)
1990 to 1995 : Beginning of the participation
of the SPHQ on the offical documentation on homeopathy that is preparing
the Bureau des médicaments en vente libre/Santé Canada
(office of freesale drugs, Health Canada). This participation will
last until 1995, upon which the elaboration of regulation on natural
product by a permanent committee of the federal Parliement.
1992 (Decembre) to 1998 : Model-case opposing
the Medical Board of Quebec to the SPHQ, which was heard in provincial
court, superior court, appeal court. The Supreme court of Canada
however refused to hear the case. deposit
1993 : Official request of professional corporation
at the Office des professions.
1993: Presentation of a dissertation at the Commission
parlementaire sur les médecines alternatives (Parliament
commission on alternative medicines)
1995 : Diverse manifestations of homeopaths and
SPHQ : a petition with 10,000 names was presented to the government
of Quebec asking :« the legalisation of the practice of homeopathy
in Quebec by non-doctor homeopaths».
1995 : Actions to insert alternative medicines
in university level programs. Request in parliamentary commission
for a private bill –bill 205- in order to create an Academic
Council which would have as main objective to overlook organisation
and training of ostopaths, naturopaths and homeopaths.
1995 à 1998 : International symposiums
held in Quebec
1996 : Admission of the SPHQ within the International
Council for Classical Homeopathy (ICCH presently ICH), the most
important group of non-doctor homeopaths in the world
1996 : Involvement in the elaboration of the regulation
on natural products and dissertation on homeopathic products presented
(1998) to Health Canada on this regulation
1997 : Participation to the Homeopathy Awareness
Week
1998 : Meeting with the Senior Dean of the undergraduate
studies of the UQTR, to consider an academic program for homeopathy,
and others.
1998 : Dissertation presented by the SPHQ at the
Parliamentary Commission on Health (Volpe Commission) on natural
health products.
1998 : Request by the FP-CSN, to the Health minister
and the president of the professions office of Quebec, of a document
entitled: « Pour une véritable reconnaissance des
médecines alternatives » (For a genuine recognition
of alternatives medicines) asking the government to create a Professional
College for homeopaths
1998 : Press release of the FP-CSN asking the
government to guarantee the public safety by creating Professional
Colleges for homeopaths, naturopaths and osteopaths.
1999 to 2002 : Meetings with the successions of
changing health department delegates to sensitize them to the importance
of guaranteeing the safety of the public and proposing to work with
the government on the best mean to organise the alternative approach
to health.
1999 : SPHQ Symposium restating the priority to
be known first by the people in order to get legal recognition of
the profession of homeopath in Quebec
2000 : Dissertation presented to the ongoing Commission
d’étude sur les services de santé et les services
sociaux (CESSSS) by the SPHQ : « Les homéopathes
: déjà à l’œuvre dans la santé
publique québécoise » (Homeopaths already
at work for Quebec’s public health)
2002 (February) : La Fédération
des professionnèles (CSN) – to which is associated
the SPHQ –suggest a « Commission des thérapeutes
alternatifs » (CTA), in answer to the Bernier Report.
This CTA will see to the temporary organisation and public information.
It will also recommend to the Professions office ways to organise
legally and integrate alternative practitioners. Following up on
this proposition of a CTA, the SPHQ edited a document entitled:
« Les homéopathes du Québec. Sur la nécessité
de leur reconnaissance professionnelle ». (Homeopaths
in Quebec. The necessity of professional recognition)
2002-2003 : SPHQ delegation send to the workshop
of the Natural Health Product Directorate (DPSN), in order to set
up the regulation specific to homeopathy in the Regulations of natural
health products. The contribution of expert from the SPHQ was indeed
crucial because it was those delegates which found a way to remove
homeopathic remedies from the laws and regulations that govern conventional
medication.
2003 : Production of a document intitled: «
Témoignages des homéopathes et de leur clientèle
sur une évaluation qualitative du traitement médical
officiel et homéopathique » (Testomonials of homeopaths
and their patients on a qualitative evaluation of the official and
homeopathic medical treatment). It is the first survey ever done
on the work of homeopaths in Quebec and the efficiency of their
approach.
2003 : Conclusion of the framework established
by the UQTR expert on the competence profile of homeopath. This
framework forms the basis on which the SPHQ claims an university
degree training.
2004 : Policy of research in homeopathy, outlining
the orientation all research in homeopathy in Quebec must follow,
in order to offer the public a quality homeopathy which meets the
international standards and preserve the integrity of homeopathy.
2004 : Entry into effectiveness of the new regulation
on Natural health product (DPSN), which recognises and officially
organises homeopathic remedies in Canada, aiming to ascertain its
security, quality and efficiency has a natural health product.
2005 : Birth of Homéopathes de Terre Sans
Frontières (HTSF), result of a partnership between Terre
Sans Frontières (NGO working for sustainable development
of undermined populations in underdeveloped countries) and the SPHQ.
HTSF’s objective is to initiate and support homeopathic mission
all around the globe, in order to offer the most deprived and those
without access natural health care in a sustainable development
context.
2006 : Start of the collaboration with UQAM on
the elaboration of an future academic program in integrated health
care.
2006 to 2008 : Participation to the World
Homeopathy Awareness Week (WHAW), in hope to make known to
the public the efficiency of homeopathy in Quebec and worldwide
when it is exercised by well-trained professionals.
2008 : Submission of a dissertation (throughout
the FP) at the Castonguay Commission on the integration of alternative
and complementary medicine within Quebec Healthcare system, in order
to, among other things, reduce the cost of the healthcare system.
2008 : Organisation of an Interprofessional Symposium
entitled: «Perspectives in integrated Health Care; Then
and now, homeopaths fighting against epidemics» which
will take place on May 30, 31st and June 1st 2008. This symposium
is aimed toward homeopaths and other healthcare professionals which
intervene at different level in the healthcare field.
APPENDIX 2
Associations
Here are Canadian homeopathic association for which information
can be found on the Internet. The list may be incomplete.
SPHQ (1989) Syndicat Professionnel des Homéopathes du Québec
1600 De Lorimier, bureau 106, Montréal (Québec) H2K
3W5
accueil@sphq.org www.sphq.org
OHA (1992) Ontario Homeopathic Association
1043 Bloor Street West, Suite 205, Toronto (Ontario) M6H 1M4
info@ontariohomeopath.com www.ontariohomeopath.com
CSH (2000) Canadian Society of Homeopaths
101-1001 West Broadway, Unit 120, Vancouver (BC) V6H 4E4
homeopathy@csoh.ca www.csoh.ca
WCHS (1995) West Coast Homeopathic Society
101-1001 West Broadway, Unit 120, Vancouver (BC) V6H 4E4
homeopathy@wchs.info www.wchs.info
NASH (1990) North American Society of Homeopaths (États-Unis
et Canada)
9 Bantry Avenue, Richmond Hill (Ontario) (Adresse au Canada)
nashinfo@homeopathy.org www.homeopathy.org
NUPAH (1993) National United Professional Association of Trained
Homeopaths Canada
info@nupath.org www.nupath.org/
BCSH BC Society of Homeopaths (BCSH) in British Columbia www.bcsh.ca
HMCC Homeopathic Medical Council of Canada (Association médicale)
31 Adelaide Street East, Box 605, Toronto (Ontario) M5C 2J8
Ontario@hmcc.ca http://hmcc.ca
HMAC Homeopathic Medical Association of Canada (Association médicale)
2649 Islington Avenue, Etobicoke (Ontario)
info@hmac.ca www.hmac.ca
ARHO Association of Registered Homeopaths of Ontario
homeopathy@arho.org www.arho.org/
OFHP Ontario Federation of Homeopathic Practitioners
www.homeopathycanada.com/community/about_ofhp.html
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