Homeopathy Papers • Scientific Research

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

September 17, 2014
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by Myrna Quintero
Quintero sept
Written by Myrna Quintero

Dr. Myrna Quintero reports on her study of the use of homeopathy in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Classical prescribing, including consideration of miasms, led to permanent remission in all subjects.

Homeopathic Treatment in Patients at a Gastroenterology Institute

 

Abstract

Introduction: Aphthous stomatitis (AS) is the most common human disease of the oral mucosa with high prevalence and recurrence. Homeopathy is a very effective medical and scientific doctrine for acute and chronic diseases. Materials and Method: 22 outpatients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatits (RAS) were treated. A homeopathic clinical detailed anamnesis was done. The homeopathic remedies chosen were generally administered at 200 CH potency. Patients had a monthly follow-up during 6 months or one year. Results: 50% of the patients had suffered aphthae during two thirds of their lives. We decided to include in this work the study of the miasm (background field) that prevailed in their family or personal antecedents. In family disease antecedents of the patients, the syphilis miasm prevailed as well as in the miasmtic sequence of the medications administered. From the beginning of the treatment, patients began to improve with regard to duration, size and frequency of aphthae. [59% of the patients were free from aphthae, in a permanent way, at two months of follow-up and 100% at 10 months.

Discussion: The predominance of the syphilitic miasm gives us clarity that treatment should give this miasm priority. The good results in patients with this miasm corroborates it. Conclusion: We consider that individual homeopathic treatment bearing in mind miasms, was very effective in RAS patients.

Key words: Recurrent aphthous Stomatitis, Homeopathy, miasms

 

Introduction

Aphthous stomatitis (AS) is the most common human disease of the oral mucosa (1-4) with 10 to 25% prevalence in general population and recurrence rates of even 50% in three months (1, 2, 5, 6). It occurs more frequently in women (7-9). Approximately 30-40% of patients with aphthous stomatitis have family past history of this disease (10).

 

Here we give some important definitions:

“Aphthae” means ulcer, and this term has been widely used to describe ulceration in mucous membranes.

AS is characterized by almost always painful little ulcerated areas in mouth mucosa. AS, in the acute stage, is a stomatology urgency (11). It is an acute inflammatory disease, characterized by one or more painful ulcers which may vary in form, number and size. They can be found anywhere on the keratined oral mucosa. Clinically we see one or various spherical vesicles, circumscribed, that break out suddenly after 24-48 hours and are replaced by a painful mucosal ulcer, that is yellowish with red edges (12-13).

Aphthae heal spontaneously in one or two weeks. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by recurrent tendency, multiplicity and chronicity, which distinguishes this disease from others that also have similar oral lesions, like, for example, viral exanthemas. Ulcers in RAS are not contagious and do not spread from one person to another.

RAS is a somewhat challenging pathology for stomatologists as well as for internists and gastroenterologists, mainly with regard to its etiology and treatment. The exact cause of aphthous ulcer is unknown. Multiple factors are suggested, such as stress, fatigue, hormonal changes, alimentary allergies, the foamy ingredient of toothpastes (sodium laurel sulfate), iron, zinc, vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficit (14-21). Even Helicobacter pylori is currently involved in the etiopathogenicity of ARS (20-22). Together with the factors explained previously, there is an alteration of the immunologic system in RAS, characterized by an exaggerated and continuing inflammatory response that favors the formation of the oral aphthae. Once the immunologic system is stimulated by the etiologic and precipitating factors, the immunocompetent cells that participate in the inflammatory response are activated and begin to liberate immunoglobulins and chemical substances that act as mediators of the inflammation (cytokines, complementary system components and free radicals, etc)(23-28).

Concerning treatment of Aphthous stomatitis, topical medications are generally the most commonly used (mouthwashes with diverse agents and topical remedies) to reach the immediate objective of relief from pain and to shortening the time of cure. However, these agents do not improve the recurrent rates (29). In RAS, it is necessary to use systemic medication.

 

Local treatment : Multiple medications of natural or synthetic origin have been used, such as local treatment with extracts of plants: Alchemilla vulgaris, Calendula officinalis, Symphytum officinale, Aloe vera, Commiphora molmol, Berberis vulgaris, Hamamelis virginiana, Baptisia tinctoria, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, Sanguinaria, Thuja plicata, Melaleuca alternifolia, Satureja khuzistanica, Myrtus communis (Myrtle), Rhizophora mangle, glycyrrhiza (licorice), Hypericum perforatum (6, 30-53). Other local treatments are propolis tincture (54), steroids (55), Amlexanox (56,57), antibiotics ( 58,59) (doximicine,, penicillin), silver nitrate (60), ultrasound (61), laser(62), cryotherapy (63), etc.

Systemic treatment. Such is the uncertainty of its etiology that seventeen systemic medications have been prescribed for RAS in a compilation carried out by the Cochrane Oral Health Group (64) published in September 2012:

Beta-glucan (65) Clofazimine (66), Colchicin (66), Levamisol (67-74), Montelukast (75)   Pentoxiphylline (76), Prednisone (75,77), Sulodexide (77), Camelthorn (an acasia type)(78),   Homeopatía (79), LongoVital with vitamin(80) or alone (80,81), Propolis (82),   Doxicicline (83), Tetracicline(84), B12 vitamin(85), Multivitamines (86).

To the above-mentioned, we can add:

Thalidomide, Azathioprine, Lactobacilus, Interferon, Vitamin C, Zinc, Copper (87-93) among others.

Another option of RAS treatment, very favored, are homeopathic medications.

Homeopathy (of homeos=similar and patos=disease) was founded by the German physician Samuel F. Hahnemann in 1796 (94).

Homeopathy is a medical, philosophical and scientific doctrine based mainly on the Law of Similars (the most important of the 8 basic homeopathic principles or laws) (95) which is enunciated:

“Apply against the illness to cure the medication that is able to cause another artificial illness the most similar possible, and the former will be cured.”

For homoeopaths, illness consists of the totality of symptoms (96). It is necessary that a detailed anamnesis of the totality of patient’s symptoms be taken, because the homeopathic medication is chosen based on that totality. For that reason, the medication that is given is individualized, only for that patient in that moment. The homeopathic remedies are prepared from mineral, vegetable and animal substances. Medications can also be prepared from morbid secretions or tissues such as pus, cancerous tissue, etc. In this case the remedy is called a Nosode (95). Nosodes can be used as any other homeopathic medication, if chosen from the patient´s symptoms, but they also have precise indications when personal or family antecedents of the illness itself exists, for example, tuberculosis (the nosode Tuberculinum), cancer (the carcinosinum nosodes), etc. and b) when a well prescribed homeopathic treatment does not show the expected results. In this case, nosodes acts to stimulate reaction.

Homeopathy treats both acute and chronic disease. Therefore homeopathic remedies are very useful both in the acute and chronic phases of RAS.

With the above mentioned information about homeopathy and its potential for treating RAS, we made a pilot study from 1998 to 2002 of 9 patients with RAS with a follow-up of 1 -2 years with very good results (97). Given the results of that pilot study, we planned this research.

 

Materials and Methods

Our patients came from several Stomatologic Clinics, from a Gastroenterology Institute or were referred by homeopaths from other centers. We made a clinical, homeopathic anamnesis, taking mental, general and local symptoms, as indicated in clinical homeopathy. We also asked for all the personal and family pathological antecedents. Of these, the most valid symptoms were chosen. Such symptoms were repertorized using the homeopathic software RADAR 7(98) that gives us the best remedies that cover the symptoms. Then we consulted several Materia Medica (it describes all remedies) to choose the most likely one.

The selected remedy was focused on constitutional treatment and it was generally administered at 200 CH potency. When necessary, the patient was also given remedy for the acute stage of illness (Borax or Mercurius solubilis 6 CH) for a few days.

Patients were seen monthly during 6 months or one year, to check symptoms, recurrences and to adapt the treatment to each new situation.

 

Results and Analysis

53 patients formed this group initially, of which it was necessary to eliminate 31 because they failed the follow-up.

22 patients were useful to be considered in this project.

The 22 patients had the following characteristics:

3.1 Age : The youngest patient was 9 years old and the oldest was 80.   (Table 1)

Table 1. Age groups

Ages Number of patients
Less than 19 years 4 patients
From 19 to 60 years 14 patients
More than 60 years 4 patients

 

3.2 Sex: Female prevailed: 17 patients (77%) (Table 2)

Table 2. Sex

Female 17
Male 5

 

From the 22 patients, 5 (23%) had a follow-up during 6 months and the rest for one year.

3.3 Time of evolution of RAS disease.

It was from as short as 4 months to as long as 70 years suffering from RAS but, taking into account the relationship: patient´s age/disease duration, we point out that 50% of them suffered with sores during two third parts of their lives.

3.4 Previous treatments. Local treatment prevailed with laser or ozone.

3.5 Symptoms: Burning feeling and burning pain, mainly when eating, dryness of the mouth and halitosis.

 

3.6 Follow-up:

 

Table 3. Number of patients and percentage of symptom- free each month (accumulative)

Month                                                 No. of patients                                           % that

symptom free                                       represents

(accumulative)                                    (accumulative)

1 month 8 patients 36 %
2 months 13 patients 59 %
3 months 15 patients 68 %
4 months 17 patients 77 %
5 months 18 patients 82 %
6 months 19 patients 86 %
7 months 19 patients 86 %
8 months 20 patients 90,5 %
9 months 21 patients 95 %
10 months 22 patients 100 %
11 months 22 patients 100 %
12 months 22 patients 100 %

 

Gráfico 1. Porcentaje de pacientes libre de síntomas por meses (acumulativo)

Quintero-sept14

As we can see in the first month of follow-up, 8 patients (36%) were free of aphthae (they did not recur). The accumulative percentage of patients free of sores per month was increasing until achieving 100% at 10 months even though it was above 90% since the 8th month.

The three patients in which the disappearance of the sores was prolonged beyond 6 months (8, 9 and 10 months) were followed during 6 additional months and they remained without recurrence. That means that their cure took longer, but once they achieved remission, it was permanent.

3.7 Remedies prescribed:

Following the methodology that we have pointed out to choose the constitutional medication, the remedies chosen were: (Table 4)

 

Table 4. Remedies prescribed

Constitutional remedy(in order of frequency) No. ofPatients
Lycopodium 7
Arsenicum album 4
Nux vomica 4
Natrum muriaticum 3
Sulphur 3
Staphysagria 2
Calcarea carbonica 1
Carcinosinum 1
Ignatia 1
Mercurius solubililis 1
Phosphorus 1
Pulsatilla 1
Sepia 1

 

 

Eight patients required a second homeopathic medication (that is why the sum was 30 patients, 13 remedies) since aphthae diminished without disappearing in a permanent way, and this was achieved with the second medication. The potency used most often was 200 CH.

From the beginning of the treatment, even with patients whose sores continued, these began to space out in their appearance, to be smaller and with lighter symptoms. Patients described this amelioration repeatedly with the statement : “Never like before.”

 

3.8 Miasmatic study.

Another important principle of Homeopathy is that of miasms. As complementary study, for their importance, we decided to include in this work the miasmatic results of the study.

A miasm is defined as the constitutional, inherited chronic morbid state that predisposes a person to suffer in a certain way. Basically it is the background we bring when born, ie., our inheritance.

3 well defined miasmas exist (99-101).

  • Miasm 1: Psora when symptoms denote defect or hypofunction
  • Miasm 2: Sycosis where symptoms express excess or hyperfunction
  • Miasm 3: Syphilis whose symptoms suggest perversion or dysfunction

People are basically tri-miasmatic, but one or two of the three are always predominant. The consensus is that to treat a chronic disease, the homoeopath should take into account the so-called active miasms in the patient.

 

3.8.1 Predominant miasm

A general miasmatic analysis was made and the predominant miasm (102-104) was identified in:

  • Family pathological antecedents because, since miasm is inherited, it is important to know the family miasmatic background that we may manifest when born. So, we have classified the diseases suffered by each relative as it expressed lack (psora), excess (sycosis) or distortion or perversion (syphilis) which indicated at the end, the predominant miasm, the one found most often.

The syphilitic pathologies prevailed greatly, being found in 80% of the family antecedents of the patients: neoplasias of several organs or viscera, heart attack, peptic ulcer, ictus, syphilis, schizophrenia, glaucoma, suicide. Then sycosis: arterial hypertension, allergy, tuberculosis, polyps, lithiasis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, bronchitis, prostatic enlargement. Later on psora: asthma, parasitism, diabetes.

  • Personal pathological antecedents. We proceeded in similar form as in 3.8.1.1 because this defines our miasmatic tendency to fall ill.

In personal pathological antecedents sycosis prevailed: arterial hypertension, renal infections, tonsillitis, appendicitis, arthrosis, pneumonia, pneumonia, uterine fibroma, polyps. They followed the syphilític and psoric diseases in the same proportion: Syphilis: neoplasias, ischemic cardiopathies, glaucoma, anal fissure, congenital anomalies. Psora: Giardiasis, colds, diabetes, asthmas, hyperthyroidism.

  • Present day symptoms. Besides aphthosis, that is a syphilitic sign, we found that in 18 patients sycosis prevailed, in 2 psora and in 4 equally psora-sycosis. Sycosic symptoms: showing desires for specific foods or drinks, palpitations, restless sleep, changing mood, particular fears, susceptibilities, sensitivities, behaving as in a hurry, anticipatory anxiety, emotionally explosive, dogmatic, capricious, demanding, perfectionist, irritable, optimistic or full of cares. Psoric symptoms: thinness, chilly, insomnia, irritable, weeping easily, sympathetic, anxious, loneliness, introspection, sadness, full of cares, perfectionistic and having fixed thoughts. Syphilitic symptoms: heartburn, water-brash, capricious.

Note: Some symptoms are shared by two miasmas (105).

There were 3 patients in whom remission was not achieved until after 9 months of treatment, possibly because the first remedy administered was not the most appropriate or from a miasmatic taint that blocked the cure. However, once these aspects were addressed, remission of the disease was permanent.

 

3.8.1.3 Miasmatic sequence of homeopathic remedies prescribed. Medications can also be classified miasmatically. The miasmatic sequence of remedies prescribed was (Table 5):

 

Notes:

  1. a) 1 = Psora         2 = Sycosis         3 = Syphilis
  2. b) Equilateral trimiasmatic: No miasm prevail: the 3 miasms are in equal proportion.

 

Table 5. Homeopathic remedies use ant its miasmatic sequence.

ConstitutionalRemedy (in order of frequency)  Miasmatic sequence (106-110)
Lycopodium Equilateral trimiasmatic
Arsenicum album 3-1-2
Nux vomica 2-1-3
Natrum muriaticum Equilateral trimiasmatic
Sulphur Equilateral trimiasmatic
Staphysagria 3-1-2
Calcarea carbonica 1-3-2
Carcinosinum 3-1-2
Ignatia 2-1-3
Mercurius solubilis 3-1-2
Phosphorus 3-1-2
Pulsatilla 2-1-3
Sepia 3-1-2

 

Discussion

RAS is a destructive disease; it is syphilitic, homeopathically speaking, and as such it is clinically expressed.

We note that 80% of treated patients had an important syphilitic background in their family antecedents.

We have reviewed the national and international bibliography with respect to homeopathic treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Four research papers have published in our country.

Pena et al111 made a revision of the entity and they treated patients in acute stages with three homeopathic remedies and followed their evolution until the disappearance of the lesions. 98% of the lesions had disappeared by the 5º day of treatment.

Casanova et al112 used only the homeopathic remedy, Borax, also in patients in the acute stage, versus a group with conventional treatment. In the group treated with homeopathy, lesions were cured in half the time of the control patients using conventional treatment.

Del Puerto et al113 carried out a bibliographical revision of RAS, pointing out the homeopathic medications used most often, recommending the personal study of all patient´s symptoms, which is, in fact, what we have done in this paper: the individualization of the treatment.

Finally, Perez and Rodriguez114 made a revision of all types of treatments used in RAS, including homeopathy.

In the international bibliography found, they only make a general revision or they mention the homeopathic medications most often used in the treatment of RAS but without clinical cases 115-119

We only found a clinical trial carried out by Mousavi and Mojaver120 in which patients with Aphthous Stomatitis were treated with homeopathy, treating them individually (just as we did) but this author only treated the acute stage of the illness. Some other papers reported treatment of RAS with Levamisole with a 2 to 4 months follow-up, rarely 6 months. Results varied from very good67,69 to not significant between Levamisole versus placebo or even better results with placebo73.  Hashemi Manesh, from Iran published in 2012 a meta analysis (his thesis paper) 121 using Levamisole vs Placebo. His conclusion was that Levamisole was better than placebo but without specifying time of follow-up of any of the 12 cases analysed.

We have not been able to find clinical trials similar to ours (RAS treatment with Homeopathy) in order to establish comparisons.

In our results it becomes evident that taking into account miasms was of decisive importance, as the syphilitic miasm was often present, dominating the family pathological antecedents. This same condition prevailed in the miasmatic sequence of remedies prescribed (there was a high predominance of the syphilitic miasm when they were not equilaterally trimiasmatic). This coexistence of preponderance of the same miasm under both conditions, in our opinion, favored the healing effect of the medication.

The fact that RAS ethiology is not defined brings about the multiplicity of elements used in its treatment throughout the world. Nevertheless, when we look for effective treatments to prevent long term relapses, we found a lack of papers in this respect, which tells us about the difficulty that exists in treating this disease successfully. That is, aphthosis, in its acute stage can be controlled with effectiveness by multiple medications or measures, but remission of RAS in a permanent way is very difficult, if not almost impossible, to reach. It is for this reason that this disease becomes a problem of health for patients, physicians or stomatologists who try to find a solution as permanent as possible for the condition.

Conclusions

We consider that homeopathic treatment individually, taking into account the miasmatic aspect in each patient, is the most suitable and effective, as we have verified in this paper. High remission percentages were reached from the second month of treatment. As a conclusion, we can say, as Hahnemann described in his masterpiece “Chronic Diseases Treatise” (99) – when we are going to treat chronic diseases, if we want to obtain a cure, we should bear in mind the miasmatic condition.

Acknowledgements: To Pilar Cardoso, Stomatology specialist for her cooperation by sending me patients with Aphthous Recurrent Stomatitis.

 

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About the author

Myrna Quintero

Myrna Quintero M.D. is a specialist in the research fields of Gastroenterology and Homeopathy. She works at the Department of Nature and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Havana, Cuba. She is the Titular Researcher; 2nd Degree Gastroenterology Specialist; Master in Bioenergetics and Natural Medicine; Diploma in Homeopathy from Mexico and from Institute François Lamasson (Brasil).

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